Bacterial Vaginosis

Vacterial vaginosis (BV) is caused by an imbalance in the vaginal flora. Normally, Lactobacillus bacteria dominate the vaginal microbiota and help keep it acidic, preventing harmful bacteria from growing. In BV, there's a decrease in Lactobacillus and an increase in anaerobic bacteria. This imbalance leads to the symptoms associated with BV.

Risk Factors:

• Multiple or new sexual partners
• Douching – disrupts the natural vaginal flora
• Lack of vaginal Lactobacillus bacteria
• Smoking
• Intrauterine device (IUD) use
• Unprotected sex
• Antibiotic use – may alter vaginal bacterial balance

Note: BV is not a sexually transmitted infection (STI), but sexual activity can influence the balance of vaginal bacteria.

Symptoms:

• Vaginal itching or irritation
• Fishy vaginal odor, especially after sex
• Thin, gray or white vaginal discharge
• Burning during urination (less common)

Treatment:

Oral Medications:

• Metronidazole tablets
  
  

Vaginal Treatments:

• Metronidazole gel 0.75% 
• Clindamycin cream 2% 

Prevention Tips:

• Avoid douching
• Practice safe sex (condom use)
• Limit the number of sexual partners
• Avoid scented soaps and feminine hygiene sprays