Nausea

Nausea is the unpleasant sensation of needing to vomit. It often occurs before vomiting but can occur without vomiting. It may be acute (sudden and short-term) or chronic (persistent over time).

Causes:

1. Gastrointestinal Causes:

• Gastroenteritis (stomach flu)
• Food poisoning
• Acid reflux (GERD)
• Gastric ulcers
• Gallbladder disease

2. Central Nervous System (CNS) Causes:

• Migraine
• Concussion or head injury
• Brain tumor or increased intracranial pressure
• Motion sickness or vertigo

3. Metabolic and Systemic Causes:

• Hyperthyroidism
• Kidney or liver failure
• Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)
• Pregnancy (morning sickness)

4. Medications and Substances:

• Chemotherapy drugs
• Anesthetics
• Opioids
• Alcohol or drug withdrawal
• GLP-1 

5. Psychological Causes:

• Eating disorders (e.g., bulimia)
• Anxiety
• Stress

Risk Factors:

• Anxiety or stress disorders
• Use of certain medications (like chemotherapy or antibiotics)
• History of migraines
• Previous episodes of nausea or vomiting
• Travel (motion sickness)
• Gastrointestinal disorders

Treatment:

1. Lifestyle and Dietary Changes:

• Eat small, bland meals (e.g., crackers, toast, bananas)
• Avoid spicy, fatty, or strong-smelling foods
• Stay hydrated (sip clear fluids like water or electrolyte solutions)
• Avoid lying down immediately after eating

2. Medications (Antiemetics):

• Cyclizine
• Metoclopramide