HRT

Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) is a medical treatment designed to replenish hormones—primarily oestrogen, often with progesterone that decline during perimenopause and menopause.

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Overview

Menopause marks the end of menstrual periods and fertility, diagnosed after 12 consecutive months without a menstrual period, typically occurring between ages 45–55.

The transition includes:

Perimenopause: The run-up phase with fluctuating hormones; lasts months or years.
Menopause: Officially the point 12 months after the final period.
Postmenopause: The years following.

Symptoms:

Hot flushes
Night sweat
Irregular periods
Vaginal dryness
Discomfort during sex
Sleep disturbances
Mood swings
Anxiety
Depression
Joint aches
Decreased libido

Long-term health risks:

Bone loss & osteoporosis: Accelerated post-menopause bone density.
Cardiovascular disease: Increased risk similar to men post-menopause.
Urogenital issues: Incontinence, vaginal thinning, increased susceptibility to UTIs.
Weight gain & metabolic shifts.

Treatment & Management

1. Lifestyle Modifications

Stress & sleep management: Yoga, relaxation, sleep hygiene .
Exercise: Weight-bearing, aerobic and strength training.
Diet: Calcium, vitamin D, phytoestrogens (e.g. soy), avoid caffeine, alcohol, spicy foods

2. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)